-命题趋势
冠词虽小,只有a,an和the三个,但却是历年各地中考必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言,以单项选择为主,有时在完形填空中出现。从命题意图看,以考查不定冠词a和an的使用方法不同、不定冠词和定冠词的使用方法不同为主。同时考查冠词的各种不同使用方法。
-考查重点
冠词的考查重点包含不定冠词a和an的使用方法,定冠词the的使用方法和零冠词的使用方法等。其中,不定冠词与定冠词的使用方法不同与在具体语言环境中冠词的应用是历年中考考试试题考查的热门,也是以后的考查方向。
1、冠词概述
冠词是虚词,本身不可以单独用,也没词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的意思
冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示一的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。
定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示这,那,这类,那些的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用
2、a和an有什么区别
不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音开头的词前,an用于元音开头的词前。
比如:a boy,a university,a European1 country;
an hour,an honour,an island,an elephant,an umbrella
3、不定冠词的使用方法
1.泛指某一类人、事或物;等于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本使用方法。
2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。
3.表示数目,有一的意思,但数的定义没one强烈。
4.表示每一,等于every. 比如,I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。
5.用在序数词前,表示又一,再一。比如,I have three books. I want to buy a fourth2 one.我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。
6.用在某些固定词组中:a lot很多,很多;after a while3过一会儿
4、定冠词的使用方法
1.特指某人或某物,这是定冠词的基本使用方法。
2.指谈话双方都了解的人或事物。比如:Open the window,please.请打开窗户。
3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。比如:I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。
4.指世界上与众不同的事物。 比如:Which is bigger,the sun or the earth4?哪一个大,太阳还是地球?
5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。比如:The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。
6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。比如,the Great Wall 长城,the United5 States美国
7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。比如:the poor没钱人,the blind盲人
8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妻两个。比如:the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻两个
9.用在方位词前。比如:on the left在左侧,in the middle of在中间
10.用在乐器名字前。比如:She plays the piano every day.她天天弹钢琴。
11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。
比如:the Black Sea黑海,the Yangzi River长江
12.用在某些固定词组中:all the same仍然;all the time一直;at the moment此刻;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说;do the shopping/washing购物/洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air 在户外,在野外
5、零冠词的使用方法
1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。比如,Class Two二班,Tianan Men Square天安门广场,water水
2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词、指示代词、不定代词及所有格限制时。
比如my book;my the book
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
比如,They are teachers.他们是老师。
Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉
4.在星期,月份,季节,节近日。比如:on Sunday在周日,in March在3月,in spring在春季,on Womens Day在三八节
5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。比如:Tom汤姆,Mum母亲
6.在学科名字,三餐饭和球类运动名字前。比如:I have lunch at school every day.
特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the football?那只足球在什么地方?
7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。比如:No.25 Middle School
8.某些固定词组中不需要冠词。
与by连用的交通工具名字前:by bus乘公共汽车;by car乘汽车;by bike骑/坐自行车;by train乘火车;by air/plane乘飞机;by sea/ship坐船,但take a bus,in a boat,on the bike前需用冠词
名词词组:day and night日日夜夜;brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour无时无刻;here and there到处
介词词组:at home在家;in surprise惊奇地;at noon在中午;on foot步行;at night在晚上;on duty值日;at work在工作;on time按时;for example比如;in class在上课;on show展览;in bed在床上
go短语:go home回家;go to bed上床睡觉;go to school去上学;go to work去上班;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去购物/游泳/划船/钓鱼
6、用与不需要冠词的差异
in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里
go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边
on earth到底/on the earth在地球上,在世上
in front of在前面/in the front of在前面
take place发生/take the place代替
at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁
by sea坐船/by the sea在海边
in future9从今将来,以后/in the future将来
go to school上学/go to the school到学校去
on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上
two of us大家当中的两人/the two of us大家两人
out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的,做不到的
next year明年/the next year 第二年
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家
7、例题分析
例1.He gave10 my sister ____useful book yesterday.
A. an B. a
C. / D the
B useful的第一个音素为[ju] 故选B。
例2.My brother is____ honest12 boy, so he has many friends.
A. a B. an
C. the D /
B honest 的第一个音素为元音。
例3.More college13 graduates14 would15 like to work in____ west part16 of country____ next year.
A. the; the B. /; /
C. /; the D. the; /
A 方位名词前加the,in the west part;由句意可知为第二年,即the next year。
例4.There is a big tree____ the house.
A. in the front of
B. in front of
C. in front
D. at class
B 由句意可知是物体外部的前面。
例5.Jim always answers the teachers questions _______.
A. in class B. in the class
C. after class D. at class
A 课上回答老师的问题,故选in class。
8、同步训练
1.There is _____ apple on the desk.
A. a B .the C. an D./
2.The girl under ____ tree is my sister.
A. a B .the
C .an D./
3.Mary is from _____ USA.
A. a B. the
C. an D./
4.He met _____ friend of his on the road.
A. a B .the
C .an D./
5.Mr Black will go back to England______.
A .by air B .by a plane
C. by trains D. at a train
6.Yesterday I went to____ work on ____foot.
A. /, / B ./, the
C .the, / D. the, the
7.There is ____h in the word hour, but____ hdoesnt make a sound.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, ,an D .an. the
8.Im going17 to see my mother. She is ill ____.
A. in hospital
B. in the hospital
C. in a hospital
D. at a hospital
9. We have three meals18 ____day. We have breakfast at 6:30 in ____morning every day.
A. the, the, the
B. the, /, the
C. a, /, the
D .a, the, the
10.This is____ film Ive told you about several19 times.
Its great. Ive never seen20 ___ more moving one.
A. a, a B. the, the
C. the, a D. a, the
11.Tina,could you please play____ piano for me while Im singing?
With pleasure21.
A .a B. an
C. the D. /
12.I want to try again. Please give me____ third chance22 again.
A .a B. the
C. an D. /
13. Whats the matter with you?
I caught____ bad cold and had23 to stay in____ bed.
A. a; / B. a; the
C. a; a D. the; the
14.____ sun is shining24 brightly.
A. A B. An
C. The D. /
15. Swimming is____ in summer.
A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun
参考答案:
1-5CBBAA
6-10ADACC
11-15CAACB